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Hypertension – The What, the Who and the How

Globally, the World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that approximately 26% of the world’s population suffers from hypertension and that it accounts for 6% of deaths each year. Just by a rough analysis of this statistic, it is enough for us to conclude that hypertensive disorders are common and have a significant impact on society and our lives, directly or indirectly.

What is hypertension? The fact is that normal blood pressure varies greatly from person to person in each population, so it is not recommended for doctors to give exact words or definitions of concrete values ​​for it, in order to to avoid confusion. In layman’s terms, however, high blood pressure is a diagnosis that a doctor prescribes to a patient with persistently high blood pressure. Medical schools around the world have selected blood pressure values ​​that greatly increase the risk of complications such as heart attacks. Most medical textbooks recommend that a person is considered hypertensive when the average systolic blood pressure during the day is greater than 140 mm Hg, the diastolic blood pressure is greater than 90 mm Hg, has at least one symptom the patient feels like a headache. he is managed with antihypertensive drugs.

What causes hypertension? There are many conditions that can cause high blood pressure. Events such as mood swings, exercise, temperature and pregnancy temporarily increase blood pressure, to increase blood flow as needed by the body, these are normal process of the human body, or the scientific term for ‘physiological’. However, when the blood pressure is low, it is bad, not good, it damages organs such as the eyes, heart, brain and kidneys. First of all, persistent high blood pressure can be a sign of another disease that a person has, this is called ‘secondary hypertension’ eg kidney disease, cancer, hormonal disorders ( various endocrine) and the consumption of steroid drugs. Secondary hypertension is 5% of all hypertensive cases, what about 95%? In 95% of cases, the exact cause of high blood pressure is not well known and therefore it is known that high blood pressure is the primary disease, called ‘essential hypertension’. Although there is no exact cause, there are a few risk factors that are suspected to contribute to the development of essential hypertension. These include weight gain, high salt intake, diabetes, alcohol consumption, psychological stress, lack of exercise and a good family history (presence of hypertensive patients in the family).

Who gets essential hypertension? In short, everyone! But the prevalence is higher by race, geographic region, age group and gender. The risk is higher for people living in urban areas, the incidence of hypertension is higher in African ethnic groups compared to Caucasian ethnic groups, and is lowest in ethnic groups. Hispanic. Middle-aged men, the elderly, citizens of industrialized countries, women after menopause, white-collar workers and people with the aforementioned risks are prone to essential hypertension. Essential hypertension is rarely seen in children and adolescents.

How does hypertension develop? The mechanism of blood pressure fluctuations in the body is determined by three factors. First the heart, the harder the heart works and the faster the heart beats, the more blood is pumped into the circulation, increasing the amount of blood in the arteries. Second, the condition of the blood vessels throughout the body, the blood vessels especially the blood vessels are not a rigid network of blood vessels, but change in size and diameter. Logically when the size and diameter of the arteries decreases, the resistance to blood flow increases, the correct term for this is, ‘increased peripheral resistance’, when this happens the pressure must increase. . Third, the volume of blood, because the body’s circulation is a closed system, no matter how much fluid is added or removed, the load will change. Normal circulating blood volume for adults is 3.5 – 4 liters; the variety is actively controlled by the seed. High blood pressure is caused by a combination of three factors.

In conclusion, hypertension is a common disease, well studied but still poorly understood. It’s not an equal opportunity disorder, but everyone is at risk of getting it anyway.

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